Multiple choice questions (HAP-I)
Introduction & Cell, Tissue
1. What is the composition of the intercellular matrix in connective tissue?
A. Cells and fibres
B. Serous and mucus membranes and lamina propria
C. Protein fibres and ground substance
D. Interstitial fluid
A. Cells and fibres
B. Serous and mucus membranes and lamina propria
C. Protein fibres and ground substance
D. Interstitial fluid
Ans: C
2. Which statement about the plasma membrane is INCORRECT?
A. It is selectively permeable.
B. It is composed of two layers of glycoprotein molecules.
C. It contains receptors for specific signalling molecules.
D. The plasma membranes of adjacent cells are held together by desmosomes.
Ans: B
3. Which of the following is NOT epithelial tissue?
A. the epidermis
B. glandular tissue
C. the internal lining of blood vessels
D. the dermis
Ans: D
4. Which of the following is NOT a cell found in connective tissue?
A. adipocytes
B. chondroblasts
C. keratinocytes
D. osteoblasts
Ans: C
5. What tissue has cells that are closely packed and that have one surface attached to a basement membrane and the other free to a space?
A. epithelial tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. connective tissue
D. nervous tissue
Ans: A
6. What is the name of the mechanism that ensures that there is a higher concentration of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. The sodium-potassium pump
C. Secondary active transport
D. Osmosis
Ans: B
7. What are lysosomes, centrosomes and ribosomes example of?
A. stem cells
B. organelles within a cell
C. sensory receptors in the dermis
D. exocrine glands
Ans: B
8. What does simple columnar epithelial tissue refer to? Tissue with
A. a single layer of cells longer than they are wide.
B. a single layer of cells whose length, breadth and depth are about the same size.
C. several layers of cells, all of the same type.
D. several layers of cells but without a basement membrane.
Ans: A
9. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?
A. blood
B. bone
C. tendon
D. epidermis
Ans: D
10. What is the function of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?
A. to maintain the intracellular fluid at a similar composition to that of the interstitial fluid.
B. to form channels to selectively allow passage of small molecules.
C. to act as receptors for signalling chemicals.
D. to present a barrier to the passage of water-soluble molecules.
Ans: D
11. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. plasma cells
B. leucocytes
C. keratinocytes
D. chondroblasts
Ans: C
12. Which of the following is NOT part of the plasma membrane of a cell?
A. integral proteins
B. glycoproteins
C. plasma proteins
D. peripheral proteins
Ans: C
13. A major role for mitochondria is to
A. transcribe the information in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
B. produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
C. synthesize proteins from amino acids
D. use enzymes to lyse molecules
Ans: B
14. Choose the tissue below that is one of the four primary types of body tissue.
A. epidermal tissue
B. epithelial tissue
C. interstitial tissue
D. osseous tissue
Ans: B
15. What are the primary types of tissue in the body?
A. Muscle, nervous, connective and epithelial
B. Muscle, nervous, connective, osseous and epithelial
C. Muscle, nervous, connective, osseous, blood and epithelial
D. Muscle, nervous, connective, glandular and epithelial
Ans: A
16. What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the lungs?
A. visceral peritoneum
B. parietal peritoneum
C. visceral pleura
D. dura mater
Ans: C
17. What is a role performed by mitochondria?
A. contain enzymes capable of digesting molecules
B. produce ATP
C. synthesise proteins
D. synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids & cholesterol
Ans: B
18. Which of the following is NOT found in the plasma membrane?
A. proteins
B. cholesterol
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. phospholipids
Ans: C
19. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. mast cells
B. adipocytes
C. chondroblasts
D. keratinocytes
Ans: D
20. Which of the following is NOT part of the plasma membrane of a cell?
A. phospholipid
B. glycoprotein
C. chromatin
D. cholesterol
Ans: C
21. A major role for mitochondria is to
A. synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids & steroids
B. deliver lipids and proteins to plasma membrane for secretion
C. synthesise proteins from amino acids
D. produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Ans: D
22. Choose the tissue below that is NOT one of the four primary types of body tissue.
A. connective tissue
B. muscular tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. osseous tissue
Ans: D
23. What is the purpose of mitochondria?
A. to store the nucleolus and chromatin
B. to produce adenosine triphosphate
C. to support and shape the cell.
D. they produce enzymes to break down molecules
Ans: B
24. The plasma membrane of a cell contains molecules that have a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end What are they called?
A. phospholipids
B. cholesterol
C. integral proteins
D. glycoproteins
Ans: A
25. Adipocytes are found in which type of tissue?
A. muscle tissue
B. epithelial tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. connective tissue
Ans: D
26. What is the role of mitochondria To:
A. function in cell division
B. synthesise proteins
C. form part of the plasma membrane
D. synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids.
Ans: C
27. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. mast cells
B. adipocytes
C. chondroblasts
D. melanocytes
Ans: D
28. What is the difference between “loose” connective tissue (CT) and “dense” connective tissue?
A. Fibres occupy most of the volume in dense CT
B. Dense CT includes cartilage, loose CT does not.
C. Loose CT has a good blood supply while dense CT does not.
D. Loose CT has no fi bres (and dense CT does).
Ans: A
29. Facilitated diffusion refers to the process of
A. movement along a concentration gradient assisted by protein carrier molecules.
B. movement of ions and molecules along a concentration gradient.
C. transport of molecules and ions against their concentration gradient.
D. water movement through a semi-permeable membrane
Ans: A
30. What do fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts and haemocytoblasts have in common?
A. they are all types of white blood cell.
B. they are all macrophages.
C. they are all immature cells.
D. they are all types of epithelial cells.
Ans: C
31. Which is NOT true of connective tissue (CT)?
A. the cells are closely packed
B. the tissue contains protein fibres and ground substance.
C. types include loose CT, dense CT and liquid CT.
D. CT contains white blood cells.
Ans: A
32. Active transport across the plasma membrane may be described by which statement?
A. active transport requires energy from ATP.
B. active transport is also known as endocytosis.
C. active transport moves molecules along their concentration gradient.
D. active transport is the movement of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane.
Ans: A
33. Which of the following cell types denotes an immature cell?
A. macrophages
B. monocytes
C. osteoblasts
D. ribosomes
Ans: C
34. Choose the membrane that is NOT a serous membrane.
A. pleura
B. peritoneum
C. pericardium
D. lamina propria
Ans: D
35. Which organelle is the site of ATP production?
A. the nucleus
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. golgi apparatus
Ans: C
36. Which of the following is ONE major function of epithelial cells?
A. movement
B. secretion
C. support of other cell types
D. transmit electrical signals
Ans: B
37. What are the major types of tissue in the body?
A. nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective.
B. squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional.
C. osteocytes, chondrocytes, leucocytes, adipocytes.
D. protein, adipose, cartilage, osseous.
Ans: A
38. Which of the following is NOT one of the organelles within a cell?
A. desmosome
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondrion
D. golgi apparatus
Ans: A
39. Which list contains the main body tissue types?
A. glandular, connective, osseous, nervous
B. epithelial, nervous, connective, muscle.
C. endothelial, connective, muscle, cartilaginous
D. epithelial, cartilaginous, muscle, glandular
Ans: B
40. The process of “diffusion” through a membrane may be described by which of the following?
A. the movement of ions and molecules away from regions where they are in high concentration towards regions where they are in lower concentration.
B. the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules into regions where they are in lower concentration.
C. the plasma membrane engulfs the substance and moves it through the membrane.
D. the use of energy from ATP to move water molecules against their concentration gradient.
Ans: A
41. The process of “active transport” through a membrane may be described by which of the following?
A. the movement of ions and small molecules away from regions where they are in high concentration.
B. the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules into regions where they are in lower concentration.
C. the plasma membrane engulfs the substance and moves it through the membrane.
D. the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules against their concentration gradient.
Ans: D
42. Which of the following is the smallest living structural unit of the body?
A. atom
B. molecule
C. organelle
D cell
Ans: D
43. Which of the following enables ions such as sodium to cross a plasma membrane?
A. phospholipid bilayer
B. peripheral proteins
C. integral proteins
D. desmosomes
Ans: C
44. Cell membranes can maintain a difference in electrical charge between the interior of the cell and the extracellular fluid. What is this charge difference called?
A. excitability
B. the membrane potential
C. the action potential
D. the sodium-potassium pump
Ans: B
45. The resting membrane potential of a cell is the consequence of which of the following concentrations of ions?
A. High K + and Cl − outside the cell and high Na + and large anions inside the cell.
B. High K + and Na + outside the cell and high Cl − and large anions inside the cell.
C. High Cl − and Na + outside the cell and high K + and large cations inside the cell.
D. High Ca 2+ and Na + outside the cell and high K + and large cations inside the cell.
Ans: C
46. What is one function of mitochondria? To
A. produce enzymes to break down molecules
B. produce molecules of ATP
C. hold adjacent cells together
D. allow passage of molecules through the plasma membrane
Ans: B
47. Membrane proteins perform the following functions EXCEPT one. Which One?
A. form the glycocalyx
B. act as receptor proteins
C. form pores to allow the passage of small solutes
D. behave as enzymes.
Ans: A
48. Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport because facilitated diffusion:
A. requires energy from ATP
B. moves molecules from where they are in lower concentration to higher concentration
C. moves molecules from where they are in higher concentration to lower concentration.
D. involves ions & molecules that pass through membrane channels.
Ans: C
49. Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
A. blood
B. mesothelium
C. fat
D. tendon
Ans: B
50. The cells that are found in tendons are called:
A. osteocytes
B. adipocytes
C. haemocytoblasts
D. fibroblasts
Ans: D
51. Which one of the following terms best describes the structure of the cell membrane:
A. fluid mosaic model
B. static mosaic model
C. quaternary structure
D. multilayered structure
Ans: A
52. Which one of the following terms best describes a phospholipid. It consists of a:
A. polar head and polar tail
B. non-polar head and a polar tail
C. polar head and non-polar tail
D. non-polar head and a non-polar tail
Ans: C
53. One of the functions of integral proteins in cell membranes is to:
A. maintain the rigid structure of the cell
B. support mechanically the phospholipids
C. interact with the cytoplasm
D. form channels for transport functions
Ans: D
54. Which one of the following best describes what a cell membrane consists of?
A. lipids, proteins, ribosomes
B. lipids, cholesterol, proteins
C. cholesterol, proteins, cytoplasm
D. lipids, proteins, cytoplasm
Ans: B