Multiple choice questions (HAP-I)
Introduction & Cell, Tissue
1: Which field, when compared to the others, tends to rely more on experimentation to find new answers?
a. anatomy
b. physiology
c. medical terminology
d. history of science
Ans: b.Physiology
2: Select the correct statement about the science of anatomy.
a. Our knowledge of human anatomy has remained the same since the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
b. Anatomy is concerned with the function of body parts.
c. Anatomy is concerned with the structure of body parts.
d. The functional role of a body part has little to do with how the part is constructed
Ans: a. Our knowledge of human anatomy has remained the same since the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
3: Which one of the following traits is not a characteristic of life shared by all organisms?
a. circulation
b. digestion
c. growth
d. photosynthesis
Ans: d.Photosynthesis
4: All organisms share a set of basic requirements. These include all of the following, with
the exception of _____________, which is not required by all organisms, even if it is present
in many.
a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. pressure
d. food and water
Ans: a. carbon dioxide
5: Most of the body's homeostatic mechanisms operate by negative feedback, although a few function through positive feedback. Choose the example from the list below that operates by positive feedback.
a. Blood pressure that has dropped too low is caused to increase.
b. A baby suckling at the breast stimulates greater milk production.
c. Maintenance of a constant body temperature is accomplished through sweating or shivering.
d. Regulation of glucose levels in the blood requires the actions of two pancreatic hormones, insulin, and glucagon.
Ans: b. A baby suckling at the breast stimulates greater milk production.
6: Which of the following is the most complex level of organization?
a. organ system
b. macromolecule
c. organ
d. organelle
Ans: a. organ system
7: Skin or bone is an example of what level of organization?
a. tissue
b. cell
c. macromolecule
d. organ
Ans: d. organ
8: The ______________ of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk.
a. dorsal cavity
b. appendicular portion
c. ventral cavity
d. axial portion
Ans: d. axial portion
9: The _____________ cavity is the portion enclosed by the pelvic bones.
a. abdominopelvic
b. pelvic
c. abdominal
d. thoracic
Ans: b. pelvic
10: The lungs are covered by a membrane called the _______________.
a. parietal pleura
b. visceral pleura
c. parietal pericardium
d. peritoneum
Ans: b.Visceral pleura
11: The ____________ system is responsible for transporting fluid and also houses the
body's disease-fighting cells.
a. integumentary
b. cardiovascular
c. lymphatic
d. digestive
Ans: c. lymphatic
12: The ______________ system includes all the glands that secrete hormones.
a. muscular
b. lymphatic
c. nervous
d. endocrine
Ans: d. endocrine
13: The lower arm is _____________ to the stomach area, while the head is_________ to the stomach.
a. medial; peripheral
b. proximal; anterior
c. lateral; superior
d. inferior; superficial
Ans: c. lateral; superior
14: A ______________ section divides the body into right and left portions.
a. coronal
b. transverse
c. sagittal
d. oblique
Ans: c. sagittal
15: The human liver is primarily located in the _____________________.
a. right upper quadrant of the abdominal area
b. left lower quadrant of the abdominal area
c. right iliac region
d. left hypochondriac region
Ans: a. right upper quadrant of the abdominal area
16: Anatomy is a term which means the study of _____.
a. physiology
b. morphology
c. cell functions
d. human functions
Ans: b. morphology
17: A study dealing with the explanations of how an organ works would be an example of_____.
a. anatomy
b. cytology
c. teleology
d. physiology
Ans: d. physiology
18: What is the smallest level of organization considered to be living?
a. cell
b. organelle
c. tissue
d. system
Ans: a. cell
19: Which of the following includes the other terms?
a. cell
b. tissue
c. system
d. organ
Ans: c. system
20: Which of the following terms means the same as ventral in humans?
a. dorsal
b. posterior
c. medial
d. anterior
Ans: d. anterior
21: A tumor on the side of the abdomen can be described as being on the _____ surface of the body.
a. anterior
b. lateral
c. medial
d. posterior
Ans: b. lateral
22: The chin can be described as being on the _____ surface of the skull.
a. inferior
b. lateral
c. superior
d. ventral
Ans: a. inferior
23: Which of the following means the same as frontal?
a. transverse
b. coronal
c. sagittal
d. occipital
Ans: b. coronal
24: Which of the following terms cannot be properly paired?
a. cranial, skull
b. frontal, forehead
c. nasal, buccal
d. orbital, eyes
Ans: c. nasal, buccal
25: Which of the following pairs of terms is not correct?
a. ophthalmic, eyes
b. pectoral, chest
c. axillary, armpit
d. costal, abdomen
Ans: d. costal, abdomen
26: Which of the following means the same as lower back?
a. lumbar
b. pelvic
c. inguinal
d. gluteal
Ans: a. lumbar
27: Which term refers to the back of the knee?
a. perineal
b. popliteal
c. pelvic
d. pedal
Ans: b. popliteal
28: Branched nerve fibers that convey impulses toward the cell body of a neuron are called _____________.
a. axons
b. dendrites
c. axon collaterals
d. axon terminals
Ans: b. dendrites
29: Myelin sheaths on the outsides of many axons are contributed by ______________.
a. the axon itself
b. secretory vesicles
c. Schwann cells
d. the cell bodies of the neuron
Ans: a. the axon itself
30: A neuron with many nerve fibers arising from its cell body and that carries impulses away from the brain would be classified as __________________.
a. multipolar
b. bipolar
c. unipolar and sensory
d. multipolar and motor
Ans: d. multipolar and motor
31: Which types of neurons are likely to increase muscular activities?
a. accelerator neurons
b. inhibitory neurons
c. bipolar neurons
d. sensory neurons
Ans: a. accelerator neurons
32: At resting potential, the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that __________ ions are most abundant on the outside of the cell, while __________ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell.
a. potassium; sodium
b. sodium; potassium
c. calcium; phosphate
d. sulfate; potassium
Ans: b. sodium; potassium
33: In response to a stimulus, if the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, we say the membrane is _______________.
a. hyperpolarized
b. depolarized
c. unpolarized
d. polarized
Ans: a. hyperpolarized
34: When a neuron reaches action potential, it depolarizes and repolarizes in an amount of time on the order of ________________.
a. seconds
b. milliseconds
c. microseconds
d. nanoseconds
Ans: b. milliseconds
35: Select the incorrect statement about nerve impulse conduction.
a. Saltatory conduction involves Schwann cells and occurs at greater speed than on unmyelinated fibers.
b. Nerve impulses occur in an all-or-none manner.
c. The neuron cannot be stimulated during the absolute refractory period
d. The strength of impulses carried along a single nerve fiber can vary with the strength of their stimulus.
Ans: d. The strength of impulses carried along a single nerve fiber can vary with the strength of their stimulus.
36: Excessive sleeping is most likely due to the presence of too much of which neurotransmitter?
a. GABA
b. norepinephrine
c. serotonin
d. dopamine
Ans: c. serotonin
37. Which structure within the cell produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
A. the mitochondria
B. the nucleus
C. peripheral proteins
D. the endoplasmic reticulum
Ans: A. the mitochondria
38. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell plasma membrane?
A. cholesterol
B. proteins
C. microfilaments
D. phospholipids
Ans: C. microfilaments
39. Which list below contains the four types of tissue?
A. extracellular fluid, skeletal tissue, glandular tissue, connective tissue.
B. extracellular fluid, muscle tissue, glandular tissue, cartilaginous tissue.
C. neural tissue, skeletal tissue, epithelial tissue, cartilaginous tissue.
D. Neural tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue.
Ans: D. Neural tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue.
40. Except for one, the following are types of cells. Which one is NOT a type of cell?
A. platelets
B. leucocytes
C. macrophages
D. osteoblasts
Ans: A. platelets
41. In which part of a cell does the process of making ATP from oxygen and glucose take place?
A. lysosomes
B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
D. golgi apparatus
Ans: C. mitochondria
42. Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?
A. to process lipids and proteins for secretion through the plasma membrane
B. to act as receptors for hormones
C. to synthesize proteins from amino acids
D. to act as a cytoskeleton to support and shape the cell
Ans: B. to act as receptors for hormones
43. What is the difference between simple squamous cells and simple columnar cells?
A. squamous cells are flattened while columnar cells are taller than they are wide.
B. simple squamous cells are one layer thick while simple columnar cells are several layers thick.
C. simple squamous cells are epithelial tissue while simple columnar cells are connective tissue.
D. squamous cells are flattened while columnar cells are cuboidal.
Ans: A. squamous cells are flattened while columnar cells are taller than they are wide.
44. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cell?
A. macrophages
B. lysosomes
C. plasmocytes
D. chondroblasts
Ans: B. lysosomes
45. Which cell organelles contain an acidic environment capable of digesting a wide variety of molecules?
A. Lysosomes
B. Ribosomes
C. Centrosomes
D. Golgi complex
Ans: A. Lysosomes
46. Which form of transport through the plasma membrane requires the expenditure of energy by the cell?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Diffusion
Ans: C. Active transport
47. Which of the tissue types below consists of a single layer of cells?
A. stratifi ed squamous epithelial tissue
B. glandular epithelium
C. areolar connective tissue
D. simple columnar epithelial tissue
Ans: D. simple columnar epithelial tissue
48. One of the following is NOT a serous membrane. Which one?
A. pleura
B. peritoneum
C. mucosa
D. pericardium
Ans: C. mucosa
49. Which of the following is NOT made predominantly from epithelial tissue?
A. In the dermis
B. In exocrine glands
C. In endocrine glands
D. In the endothelium of blood vessels
Ans: A. In the dermis
50. What are tendons and ligaments composed of?
A. Dense connective tissue
B. Liquid connective tissue
C. Muscular tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
Ans: A. Dense connective tissue